Policy Brief: A Climate for Sufficiency

Limiting global heating to 1.5°C requires profound lifestyle transformations in high- and middle-income countries. Current consumption patterns in food, housing, transport, and goods drive emissions far beyond safe levels. The latest data show that average lifestyle carbon footprints in Europe remain 3–7 times higher than what would be compatible with the Paris Agreement. 

This Brief highlight evidence and actionable recommendations for eight countries — Italy, Finland, Portugal, Türkiye, Estonia, Greece, Slovenia, and Germany. Each faces different challenges, but the core message is the same: incremental efficiency gains are not enough; sufficiency measures are needed. 

Sufficiency means reorganising societies around the question 'how much is enough' rather than the pursuit of endless growth. While it may be perceived as sacrifice, sufficiency actually improves lives: it strengthens mutual trust, reduces inequalities, and delivers better health and wellbeing. 

Publication Date: 08 Oct 2025

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